Magistrates of Parlement established uniform procedural codes for each of the royal courts and along with this, the importance of judicial responsibilities increased among Parlement members. Regard for legislative, administrative and judicial power became more about loyalty to the crown and interests expressed by the monarch rather than about serving local interests. Through this compliance with centralization of power, the actions of Parlement can be viewed as efforts made

Louis XIV Absolutism The Fronde was enabled by a number of government conditions, not the least of which was that created by the ravages of the 30 Years War in which large sets of the population, particularly those engaged in martial affairs, became used to a degree of autonomy and near lawlessness. Furthermore, this sentiment was fueled by an increasing feeling of dissatisfaction in regards to the centralized power which

Louis XIV's economic and political impact on the lower class with that of William and Mary European societies in the late seventeenth century were stratified and hierarchical. Society was viewed as being structured into orders, with each social order fulfilling a particular function in society as a whole, and the entire system being understood as a reflection of a divinely-ordered harmony that pervaded the universe. At the top of this hierarchical

9. How did the new psychology influenced the birth of key movements in the arts: expressionism, dada, and surrealism? Surrealism, dada, and expressionism represent three generations of avante garde protest against "rational" modernism and the meaningless, war and violence filled society that it brought about. They were a reaction against modernism and their great grandchild, postmodernism continues this tradition of social protest. The new psychology of individuals such as Freud

The king of France was more than just a simple leader, as he claimed that he was entitled to the country's throne through divine right. Louis XIV was able to make laws, to increase or decrease taxes, to administrate the state and justice, and to determine whether or not France would express interest in allying itself with other countries. All influential individuals in France were practically forced to check with

Beik underlines the fact that collecting a huge amount of data required much more personnel and a far better way of communicating with the city and the village representatives, than Colbert could have ever dreamed of at that time. Nevertheless his achievements in collecting this date are remarkable. Based on these gatherings and his intuition and economic knowledge, Colbert was able to prepare and present to the king reforms